A large cohort study, involving over 2000 HIV-positive and healthy people, compared the two major parameters of clinical status in HIV infection, i.e., viral load and CD4+ T cell counts, and two parameters representing immune activation and inflammation, i.e., CCR5 expression and gene copy number of the CCL3-L1 molecule, a natural cytokine acting as the most powerful CCR5 inhibitor in vivo. The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is HIV infectious disease.