In HIV infections, results are controversial; some researchers have proposed that the effect of IFN may be beneficial, while other deleterious, since it may activate apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells, both non-infected and HIV-infected, through the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor (DR) 5 in their membrane [60]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and HIV infectious disease.