These discrepancies may be due to the retrovirus infection status of the cell; in de novo infections (i.e. cells which are infected for the experiment), the effect of IFN-I may be in the early stages of the cycle, while in the chronic infections (primary cells or cell lines already infected), IFN may inhibit replication in the later stages [36, 126]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.