More recently, Cieply et al investigated hepatocellular (HCC) tumour characteristics occurring in the presence or absence of mutations in CTNNB1. The authors found that the fibrolamellar (FL) tumours had the highest tyrosine-654-phosphorylated-®-catenin (Y654-®-catenin) levels in the study and these tumours also lacked mutations in the CTNNB1 gene [40]. The gene discussed is CTNNB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.