GHRL and bacterial infectious disease: Furthermore, we found that preincubation with gastric hormone, ghrelin [1], recognized for its modulatory effect on the inflammatory responses to bacterial infection [2–5], exerted countering effect of the LPS-induced changes in Akt activity and the extent of the kinase phosphorylation on Ser473 as well as led to an increase in the cNOS activity and a reduction in the activity of iNOS.