While IL-6, IL-8, Murray's LISS, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP), the presence/absence of a concomitant diabetes mellitus and smoking history were significantly different between nonsurvivors and survivors, age, BMI, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α were not different among the two groups. Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.