In comparisons of HMGB1 levels between afebrile controls, febrile controls and the four seizure groups, there were trends of higher HMGB1 levels in both febrile seizures and afebrile status epilepticus attacks in intractable epilepsy patients than in the febrile and afebrile controls, but this was not statistically significant (Figure 1D, p = 0.11). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and status epilepticus.