CatS has been found to be upregulated and linked with disease aggressiveness in several tumour types (Fernandez et al, 2001; Lindahl et al, 2009; Paraoan et al, 2009; Xu et al, 2009) and is of independent prognostic value in glioblastoma (Flannery et al, 2006). This evidence concerns the gene PIMREG and glioblastoma.