Our results are in line with previous reports that AMPK activation by S17834, a polyphenol, suppresses atherosclerosis caused by diabetes in LDL receptor (LDLr) knockout mice [50] and that ApoE-/-/AMPK alpha 2-/- mice display accelerated development of high-fat diet-induced aortic lesions. Here, PRKAA1 is linked to atherosclerosis.