Thus, our data (Fig. 10) demonstrating the down-regulation of syndecan-1, aquaporin-3, and VDR by nimesulide provides an additional mechanistic framework to understand the specific anti-PEL specific effects of nimesulide and also exposes novel pathways such as proteoglycan mediated signaling, chromatin remodeling, and ATP metabolism by which COX-2 might be promoting oncogenesis in other cancer systems. This evidence concerns the gene SDC1 and cancer.