HLA-DQB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: This includes, the HLA class II gene, HLA-DQB1, which carries the highest single genetic risk for T1D (along with HLA-DRB1) [23], RFXAP, an HLA class II regulating element, NFKB1A, an important regulator of apoptosis and inflammatory immune responses, TNF, a key inflammatory cytokine associated with T1D in animal models, and GAD2 which encodes GAD65, a major T1D autoantigen involved in disease etiology [24].