The fact that WA can also induce apoptosis, although not as effective, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line [[14], and unpublished data from our lab] which is ERα negative and p53-mutant, suggests that WA targets multiple pathways in its anti-cancer function, and neither ERα nor wild-type p53 is indispensable for the anti-cancer effect of WA. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and cancer.