TLR2 and Sepsis: While it remains unclear whether or not polymicrobial sepsis exerts cardiac dysfunction directly through TLR2 signaling in vivo [126], recent evidence appears to suggest that it is nonhematopoietic (parenchymal) TLR2 that plays a predominant role in mediating myocardial inflammation and cardiac dysfunction during polymicrobial sepsis [125] and as noted above, pathogenic ligand activation of TLR2 can induce direct functional depression of isolated cardiomyocyte in vitro [78].