Although the signaling loop of CD69/TGF-β in activated macrophages may contribute to IPF in a direct manner, it is of interest as to whether BLM-associated tissue injury induces the expression of the putative CD69 ligand on certain cells, such as epithelial cells, especially from the standpoint of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The gene discussed is CD69; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.