TGM2 and neoplasm: In addition to the IL-6 signaling pathway, TG2 can directly modulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure [45], activate focal adhesion kinase via binding with integrins [35], and activate growth factors such as TGF-β [46], a key inducer of EMT, buried in the ECM networks, and thus may affect a broader aspect of tumor biology.