Since it has been already shown by others that over-expression of Fra-1 promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis [28], up-regulation of PAR-1 by c-Jun and Fra-1 seemed to be a possible mechanism explaining the linkage of galectin-3 induced up-regulation of PAR-1 cell surface receptor, and the activity MMP-1 protease. Here, MMP1 is linked to cancer.