We have thus conducted a study in Southern Ethiopia to describe INFγ and IP10 concentrations of children presenting with symptoms compatible with TB, asymptomatic children in contact with adults with smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) and asymptomatic community controls to explore whether INFγ or IP10 can distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in a high TB burden setting and assess whether these markers could be used to support the diagnosis of children with symptoms of TB. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is infection.