Based on this information and the fact that TNF alpha induction involves NF-κB activation whether induced via TLR8 or TLR4, our observation of decreased TNF alpha in acute alcohol-exposed TLR8 stimulated monocytes suggests that NF-κB inhibition is a likely mechanism for inhibition of TLR8- induced TNF alpha induction by acute alcohol. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and alcohol drinking.