KDR and neoplasm: Reports from our laboratory have shown that peripheral endogenous neurotransmitter dopamine by acting through its D2 DA receptors present in the endothelial cells (ECs) can significantly suppress vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VPF) induced tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), the principal VEGF receptor mediating the angiogenic effects of VEGF, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [2]–[5].