At 3 hours post infection (p.i.)the expression of the IFNβ gene was significantly upregulated in the livers (7.7 fold, p = 0.03) and spleens (12.0 fold, p = 0.03) of recNP immunized mice, whereas expression was normal in adjuvant control and PBS control groups (Figure 2e–f). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and infection.