STAT5A and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Retroviral transduction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with constitutively active Stat5 promotes self-renewal, proliferation, and survival of HSCs and induces a lethal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) in mice that have received the transduced cells [10]; constitutively active Stat5 in lymphocytes leads to increased numbers of pro-B and pre-B cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia [11], [12].