In addition, MRCK has been shown to independently contribute to tumor cell invasion by contributing to the formation of single-cell invasion tunnels (SCIT) in 3D collagen matrices produced by membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase activity [38] and by allowing squamous cell carcinoma cells to follow SCITs made by cancer-associated fibroblasts [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CDC42BPA and neoplasm.