Here we studied the expression of five selected immunologically relevant miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls and addressed the impact of immunomodulatory therapy on miRNA expression by comparing treatment-naïve to glatiramer acetate (GA) or interferon-beta (IFN-beta) treated patients. Here, IFNB1 is linked to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.