To determine the effect of inflammation on the modulation of CD36 expression, murine peritoneal macrophages were treated during 24 h for the quantification of CD36 protein level and during 5 h for mRNA level with TNF-α, peptidoglycan (PGN), or were incubated in presence of P. falciparum culture supernatant (P.f. cs) to mimic a more physiological malaria inflammatory context. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is malaria.