Our work indicates that even in early stages of PCA development, genes encoding IL of pro-inflammatory significance are over-expressed in malignant tissues, as compared to BPH specimens, Importantly, corresponding proteins are detectable to higher levels in sera from patients with localized PCA as compared to patients with BPH, and, in particular, IL-7 titres might represent an additional marker of potential clinical relevance. The gene discussed is IL7; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.