IFNG and neoplasm: Th1 cells can impair tumor angiogenesis either directly by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation through IFN-γ or indirectly through induction of antiangiogenic chemokines such as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 leading to both angiostasis in and around the tumor and chemoattraction of immune effector cells into the tumor site [61,70].