C1QC and C1Q deficiency: While C1q deficiency was reported to be associated with SLE in Turkish and Mexican subjects [39, 40], no association was observed between any of the mutations [at C1qA-Gln186 (C > T), C1qB-Gly15 (G > A), C1qB-Arg150 (C > T), C1qCGly6, (G > A), and C1qC-Arg41 (C > T)], or SNPs [at C1qAGly70 (G/A), and C1qC-Pro14 (T/C)] within C1q and SLE in the Malaysia [21].