Attached BCG is then internalized and processed by urothelial cells including urothelial carcinoma cells (UCCs), resulting in secretion of an array of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) [10, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and urothelial carcinoma.