NME1 and acute myeloid leukemia: As shown in Figure 3, extracellular NM23-H1 derived from tumor (AML) cells generates a supportive microenvironment convenient for their growth/survival of primary AML cell through cytokine production of AML cells and normal PBMNC; therefore, the reduction of extracellular NM23-H1 protein concentration or inhibitors of its action should be evaluated for therapeutic potential to combat these malignancies.