EGF and urinary bladder carcinoma: While there is not any direct evidence demonstrating genistein's inhibition of EGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation in bladder cancer, genistein is known to inhibit EGF/EGF-R-mediated functions of human bladder cancer cells [183], such as proliferation, invasion, and motility, and it is believed that virtually all functions of the EGF-R are mediated by signaling initiated by EGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation.