In our recent in vitro study, we observed that tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine elevated in obesity and insulin resistance, could induce amylin gene expression in murine pancreatic β-cells and islets, and also could activate human amylin promoter through multiple signaling pathways [33]. The gene discussed is IAPP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.