Strikingly, inhibiting ERK resulted in decreased phosphorylation (figure 3C) and subsequent nuclear translocation (figure 3D) of STAT3 in Ara-LAM treated parasitized macrophages while p-38 inhibition reverses the phenomena and significantly increases the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 compared to only Ara-LAM treated parasitized macrophages (figure 3C,3D). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.