VEGFA and Alzheimer disease: However, some candidate CSF biomarkers of inflammation that showed increased levels in AD are TNF-α [76], monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [77], interferon γ-inducible protein 10, IL-8 [78], IL-6 [79], transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [80], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [79] and others but detecting changes of inflammatory molecules in CSF require larger scale of replication in cohorts of patients because of their low levels in the CSF.