Along the same line, since the T cell epitopes within Construct 33-C and Construct 33-I are recognized by humans from malaria endemic populations [28], [29], [30], selective exclusion and/or inclusion of these epitopes from a MSP1-42 based vaccine would ensure boosting of only the desirable preexisting anti-MSP1 responses, which in turn may enhance overall vaccine efficacy. Here, ATAD1 is linked to malaria.