ATAD1 and malaria: However, other studies have argued the lack of correlation between anti-MSP1 inhibitory antibodies alone with malaria immunity [28], [63], [64] and protective anti-MSP1-19 response may involve other immune effector mechanisms such as Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC), which involves Fc-dependent killing of parasites through neutrophils and macrophages [65], [66].