NFKB1 and Cowden disease: Increased NF-κB activation has been detected in the mucosa of patients with IBD and in a murine colitis model, and inhibition of NF-κB with a specific p65 antisense oligonucleotide is effective in preventing experimental models of IBD and efficiently down-regulates cytokine production by intestinal macrophages from Crohn's disease (CD) patients [25], [26].