The common NOD2 mutations have also found to be important in other diseases, e.g. in bone-marrow transplant; there is some evidence that NOD2 mutations enhance the occurrence and/or severity of intestinal symptoms in graft versus host disease (GvHD) [13]; they have also been shown to be important in susceptibility to leprosy [14], [15] and colorectal cancer [16]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is colorectal cancer.