TLR9 and neoplasm: We found that rapamycin, with or without the TLR4/TLR9 agonist complex, markedly decreased the number of tumor metastatic nodes and enhanced the phosphorylation or expression of STAT1, IRGM1, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3BII, while suppressing the phosphorylation or expression of STAT3, PCNA, and P62 compared to PBS (Fig. 5A, 5B).