Although the rescue of the cell death phenotype was not 100%, our results suggest that ATF-126 mediate reduction in tumor cell growth by primarily activation of its designed target Maspin. The incomplete rescue of the phenotype could be due the fact that the Maspin shRNA did not completely knocked down the mRNA transcript levels of Maspin, as shown in Fig. 2E. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINB5 and neoplasm.