TNF and cancer: Traditional biological immunoadjuvants, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and diphtheria toxin, and nonspecific immunostimulatory interventions with cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-α, and TNF-α, induce a massive influx of inflammatory cells and the production of a Th1 cytokine profile that leads to affirmative efficacy in the treatment of some cancers [5].