More recently, Yang et al. [28] discovered and validate 3 candidate biomarkers in NSCLC: one down-regulated, identified as apolipoprotein C-I (6628 Da), and 2 up-regulated, haptoglobin alpha-1 chain (9191 Da) and S100A4 (11412 Da). Here, S100A4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.