Furthermore, the lesson learned about genetics of haemoglobinopathies illustrates how distinct malaria resistant alleles have emerged in different populations due to selective pressure, with HbS being found much more endemic in Africa (on four distinct haplotypes) than in Asia, and the opposite for HbE, or again with the relative prevalence of HbS and HbC varying greatly between neighboring countries and even villages [29]. The gene discussed is HBE1; the disease is malaria.