Therefore, the results from Hossain et al. [7] and D’Ippolito et al. [20], taken together with our studies demonstrating (i) mineralisation is induced by HGF only in the presence of high calcium and phosphate and not in regular growth media, and (ii) that mineralisation can be attenuated by AdNK4, suggest that under specific micro-environmental conditions, such as hypercalcemia or hyperphosphatemia, HGF could play an important role at several stages of vascular calcification. This evidence concerns the gene HGF and hyperphosphatemia.