INS and diabetes mellitus: Currently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ∼40 genetic loci have been associated with T2D [7,8], most of which relate to insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance [8,9], have been distinct from previously studied candidate genes [10], and do not seem to offer greater predictive value in determining diabetes risk than do commonly used phenotypic risk factors and family history [11,12].