These findings further strengthen the therapeutic potential of ECSW in reversing ischemia-related LV dysfunction and remodeling through inhibiting cellular apoptosis/death and myocardial fibrosis as well as preserving the integrities of Cx43 and energy biogenesis and metabolism which plays a key role in electrical coupling between cardiomyocytes [34], [35]. This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and ischemia.