EPO and malaria: EPO levels in the 3 malaria groups increased with increasing severity (n = 47, 49 and 44, p<0.001), with mean values of 40.82 U/l (SD = 4.07 U/l) for UM, 125.91 U/l (SD = 4.99 U/l) for HM and 320.87 U/l (SD = 5.91 U/l) for SM.