Methods: In this study, we monitored the kinetic profiles of 8 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines  (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-4) during a standardized exercise challenge (ten 2-min cycling bouts at 80% VO2max, separated by 1-min intervals) in 23 Ob (12 females, 11 males),  23 T1DM (10 females and 13 males) patients and 20 healthy (CL, 10 females and 10 males) children. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.