CASP1 and viral infectious disease: First, we confirmed by real time-PCR the significant up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity in response to viral infection (e.g. CCL5, IRF7, STAT2, TRIM5, DDX58, MX2, IL12A, EIF2AK2 and ISG20) and induction of apoptosis (e.g. IL19, NGEF, STAT1 and CASP1) in cells transduced with virus in comparison to untreated fibroblasts (Figure S5).