Previous studies have suggested that EF24 could activate caspase 3 in DU-145 and MDA-MB-231 cells[28], while Thomas et al. observed EF24-induced cleavage of PARP (substrate of caspase) in A549 lung cancer cells and they proposed a caspase mediated cell death/apoptosis [27]. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is lung cancer.