The choice of miRNAs for validation with real-time RT-PCR was based on their differential expression among the groups as well as their putative biological significance: miR-542-5p is predicted to target estrogen receptor alpha mRNA; miR-200a and miR-429 are both members of the miR-200 family; and miR-503 is the most down-regulated miRNA in both types of carcinoma and the precursor lesion. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is carcinoma.