We chose two cell lines, BxPC-3 cells which (like AsPC-1 cells and most pancreatic tumors) have mutated SMAD4 (here by homozygous deletion) [21], and Hs700T cells which are wildtype for SMAD4 and have an intact TGFβ growth-inhibitory pathway (Fig. S1). Here, SMAD4 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.