In view of all of these EMT-modulating transcription factors, including Twist, Snail, Zeb1, and Zeb2, can be modulated by NF-κB under some specific conditions [26], so that it is plausible that the NF-κB activation resulting from hypoxia or overexpression of HIF-1α represents a unifying biochemical event that accounts for the EMT observed in pancreatic cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.