Despite these changes in protein expression, invasiveness and drug resistance attributable to NF-κB blockade, we did not observe any profound changes in the morphology or growth patterns of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, an observation that implicates NF-κB–independent biochemical events that also contribute to the EMT phenotype in hypoxic pancreatic cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and pancreatic neoplasm.